[Django] 게시판, 좋아요, 댓글, 계정 기능 종합

종합 DJANGO code

목차

1. CRUD

2. articles

   • html

3. accounts

   • html

 

1. CRUD

settings.py

"""
Django settings for crud project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '%(+btt9tv$a*@)^r07dbjjgsn&zyuglqka9dw^h@9go7y&r$i&'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'articles',
    'accounts',
    'bootstrap5',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django.contrib.humanize',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'crud.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'crud' / 'templates',],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'crud.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'ko-kr'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Seoul'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'

urls.py

"""crud URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include


urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('articles/', include('articles.urls')),
    path('accounts/', include('accounts.urls')),
]

 

2. articles

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.conf import settings

# Create your models here.
class Article(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    like_users = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name='like_articles')
    title = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    content = models.TextField()
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Comment(models.Model):
    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    content = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content

forms.py

from django import forms
from .models import Article, Comment


class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ('title', 'content',)
        # exclude = ('title',)


class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        # fields = '__all__'
        exclude = ('article', 'user',)

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views


app_name = 'articles'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('create/', views.create, name='create'),
    path('<int:pk>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('<int:pk>/delete/', views.delete, name='delete'),
    path('<int:pk>/update/', views.update, name='update'),
    path('<int:pk>/comments/', views.comments_create, name='comments_create'),
    path('<int:article_pk>/comments/<int:comment_pk>/delete/', views.comments_delete, name='comments_delete'),
    path('<int:article_pk>/likes/', views.likes, name='likes'),
]

views.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views


app_name = 'articles'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('create/', views.create, name='create'),
    path('<int:pk>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('<int:pk>/delete/', views.delete, name='delete'),
    path('<int:pk>/update/', views.update, name='update'),
    path('<int:pk>/comments/', views.comments_create, name='comments_create'),
    path('<int:article_pk>/comments/<int:comment_pk>/delete/', views.comments_delete, name='comments_delete'),
    path('<int:article_pk>/likes/', views.likes, name='likes'),
]

admins.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Article, Comment

# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Article)
admin.site.register(Comment)

 

2-1. templates\articles

create.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap5 %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>CREATE</h1>
  <form action="" method="POST">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    <input type="submit">
  </form>
  <hr>
  <a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[back]</a>
{% endblock %}

 

detail.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load humanize %}

{% block content %}
  <h2>DETAIL</h2>
  <h3>{{ article.pk }} 번째 글</h3>
  <hr>
  <p>제목 : {{ article.title }}</p>
  <p>내용 : {{ article.content }}</p>
  <p>작성시각 : {{ article.created_at|naturalday }}</p>
  <p>수정시각 : {{ article.updated_at|naturaltime }}</p>
  <hr>
  {% if request.user == article.user %}
    <a href="{% url 'articles:update' article.pk %}" class="btn btn-primary">[UPDATE]</a>
    <form action="{% url 'articles:delete' article.pk %}" method="POST">
      {% csrf_token %}
      <button class="btn btn-danger">DELETE</button>
    </form>
  {% endif %}
  <a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[back]</a>
  <hr>
  <h4>댓글 목록</h4>
  <p>{{ comments|length }}개의 댓글이 있습니다.</p>
  <ul>
    {% for comment in comments %}
      <li>
        {{ comment.user }} - {{ comment.content }}
        {% if request.user == comment.user %}
          <form action="{% url 'articles:comments_delete' article.pk comment.pk %}" method="POST" class="d-inline">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="submit" value="DELETE">
          </form>
        {% endif %}
      </li>
    {% empty %}
      <p>아직 댓글이 없네요...</p>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
  <hr>
  {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
    <form action="{% url 'articles:comments_create' article.pk %}" method="POST">
      {% csrf_token %}
      {% comment %} 커멘트폼은 과연 views.py의 detail의 comment부분과 같을까? {% endcomment %}
      {{ comment_form }}
      <input type="submit">
    </form>
  {% else %}
    <a href="{% url 'accounts:login' %}">[댓글을 작성하려면 로그인 하세요.]</a>
  {% endif %}
{% endblock %}
  

 

index.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>Articles</h1>
  {% if request.user.is_authenticated %}
    <a href="{% url 'articles:create' %}">[CREATE]</a>
  {% else %}
    <a href="{% url 'accounts:login' %}">[새 글을 작성하려면 로그인하세요.]</a>
  {% endif %}
  <hr>
  {% for article in articles %}
    <p>
      <b>작성자 : <a href="{% url 'accounts:profile' article.user.username %}">{{ article.user }}</a></b>
    </p>
    <p>글 번호 : {{ article.pk }}</p>
    <p>글 제목 : {{ article.title }}</p>
    <p>글 내용 : {{ article.content }}</p>
    <div>
      <form action="{% url 'articles:likes' article.pk %}" method="POST">
        {% csrf_token %}
        {% if request.user in article.like_users.all %}
          <button>좋아요 취소</button>
        {% else %}
          <button>좋아요</button>
        {% endif %}
      </form>
    </div>
    <p>{{ article.like_users.all|length }}명이 이 글을 좋아합니다.</p>
    <a href="{% url 'articles:detail' article.pk %}">[DETAIL]</a>
    <hr>
  {% endfor %}
{% endblock %}

 

update.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap5 %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>UPDATE</h1>
  <form action="" method="POST">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {% bootstrap_form form %}
    <input type="submit">
  </form>
  <hr>
  <a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[back]</a>
{% endblock %}

 

 

3. accounts

models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

# Create your models here.
class User(AbstractUser):
    followings = models.ManyToManyField('self', symmetrical=False, related_name='followers')

 

forms.py

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserChangeForm, UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model


class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):

    class Meta:
        model = get_user_model()
        fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name',)


class CustomUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):

    class Meta(UserCreationForm.Meta):
        model = get_user_model()
        fields = UserCreationForm.Meta.fields

 

urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views


app_name = 'accounts'
urlpatterns = [
    path('login/', views.login, name='login'),
    path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
    path('signup/', views.signup, name='signup'),
    path('delete/', views.delete, name='delete'),
    path('update/', views.update, name='update'),
    path('password/', views.change_password, name='change_password'),
    path('<username>/', views.profile, name='profile'),
    path('<int:user_pk>/follow/', views.follow, name='follow'),
]

 

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from django.contrib.auth import login as auth_login
from django.contrib.auth import logout as auth_logout
# from django.contrib.auth import login as auth_login, logout as auth_logout
from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST, require_http_methods
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.contrib.auth import update_session_auth_hash, get_user_model
from django.contrib.auth.forms import (
    AuthenticationForm, 
    UserCreationForm, 
    PasswordChangeForm,
)
from .forms import CustomUserChangeForm, CustomUserCreationForm


# Create your views here.
@require_http_methods(['GET', 'POST'])
def login(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect('articles:index')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = AuthenticationForm(request, request.POST)
        # form = AuthenticationForm(request, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            auth_login(request, form.get_user())
            return redirect(request.GET.get('next') or 'articles:index')
    else:
        form = AuthenticationForm()
    context = {
        'form': form,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/login.html', context)


@require_POST
def logout(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        auth_logout(request)
    return redirect('articles:index')


@require_http_methods(['GET', 'POST'])
def signup(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect('articles:index')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = CustomUserCreationForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save()
            auth_login(request, user)
            return redirect('articles:index')
    else:
        form = CustomUserCreationForm()
    context = {
        'form': form,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/signup.html', context)


@require_POST
def delete(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        request.user.delete()
        auth_logout(request)
    return redirect('articles:index')


@login_required
@require_http_methods(['GET', 'POST'])
def update(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = CustomUserChangeForm(request.POST, instance=request.user)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('articles:index')
    else:
        form = CustomUserChangeForm(instance=request.user)
    context = {
        'form': form,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/update.html', context)


@login_required
@require_http_methods(['GET', 'POST'])
def change_password(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = PasswordChangeForm(request.user, request.POST)
        # form = PasswordChangeForm(user=request.user, data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            update_session_auth_hash(request, form.user)
            return redirect('articles:index')
    else:
        form = PasswordChangeForm(request.user)
    context = {
        'form': form,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/change_password.html', context)


def profile(request, username):
    person = get_object_or_404(get_user_model(), username=username)
    context = {
        'person': person,
    }
    return render(request, 'accounts/profile.html', context)
    
    
@require_POST
def follow(request, user_pk):
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        # 팔로우 받는 사람
        you = get_object_or_404(get_user_model(), pk=user_pk)
        me = request.user

        # 나 자신은 팔로우 할 수 없다.
        if you != me:
            if you.followers.filter(pk=me.pk).exists():
            # if request.user in person.followers.all():
                # 팔로우 끊음
                you.followers.remove(me)
            else:
                # 팔로우 신청
                you.followers.add(me)
        return redirect('accounts:profile', you.username)
    return redirect('accounts:login')

admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from .models import User

# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(User, UserAdmin)

 

 

3. templates\accounts

change_password.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<h1>비밀번호변경</h1>
<form action="" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <input type="submit">
</form>
{% endblock %}

 

login.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<h1>로그인</h1>
<form action="" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <input type="submit">
</form>
{% endblock %}

 

profile.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<h1>{{ person.username }}님의 프로필</h1>

{% with followings=person.followings.all followers=person.followers.all %}
  <div>
    <div>
      팔로잉 : {{ followings|length }} / 팔로워 : {{ followers|length }}
    </div>
    {% if request.user != person %}
      <div>
        <form action="{% url 'accounts:follow' person.pk %}" method="POST">
          {% csrf_token %}
          {% if request.user in followers %}
            <button>언팔로우</button>
          {% else %}
            <button>팔로우</button>
          {% endif %}
        </form>
      </div>
    {% endif %}
  </div>
{% endwith %}


<hr>

<h2>{{ person.username }}'s 게시글</h2>
{% for article in person.article_set.all %}
  <div>{{ article.title }}</div>
{% endfor %}

<hr>

<h2>{{ person.username }}'s 댓글</h2>
{% for comment in person.comment_set.all %}
  <div>{{ comment.content }}</div>
{% endfor %}

<hr>

<h2>{{ person.username }}'s likes</h2>
{% for article in person.like_articles.all %}
  <div>{{ article.title }}</div>
{% endfor %}

<hr>

<a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[back]</a>
{% endblock %}

 

signup.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<h1>회원가입</h1>
<form action="" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <input type="submit">
</form>
{% endblock %}

 

update.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<h1>회원정보수정</h1>
<form action="" method="POST">
  {% csrf_token %}
  {{ form.as_p }}
  <input type="submit">
</form>
{% endblock %}